The association between the consumption of specific food items or groups such as dairy and alcohol and inflammatory biomarkers has also been inconsistent among studies, 12- 14 though the intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish seems to be related to reduced inflammatory biomarker concentrations. 11 Moreover, little is known about the relationship between AHEI-2010 or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores and the biomarkers of risk for CVD. 8- 10 For irisin, only one study up to now has addressed the issue of dietary quality and irisin, and it presented a conclusion of no association. 6Īlthough previous studies focusing on the relationship between adherence to healthy diet types or patterns and several biomarkers related to CVD have shown significant associations, 1, 7 few studies have investigated the association between serum leptin concentrations and diet pattern, and their results have been inconsistent. 4, 5 Irisin, a newly discovered myokine, is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD. 3 In addition, biomarkers reflecting systemic inflammation such as soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP), have been shown to be related to CVD risk. 1 Leptin, a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by adipose tissue, is known to be associated with the regulation of food intake, energy metabolism, and the development of obesity. 1, 2 In nutritional epidemiology studies, several diet quality indices that are assessed using the alternate healthy eating index (AHEI) or the Mediterranean diet score, and diet patterns that are assessed using factor analysis of dietary intake, have been widely used to explore the links between diet quality or patterns and the morbidity of chronic diseases or mortality.Ĭertain adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers have been proposed to be mediators or present a link between diet type and CVD risk. Adherence to a healthy diet type or pattern is known to be related to a reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, morbidity, and mortality.
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